1. This review provides a synthesis of the available knowledge on Carmenta foraseminis, an emerging cocoa pest in northern South America. 2. This moth was first described in 1995 in Panama, and its proliferation across the Amazon basin is currently threatening the production of cocoa in the region and may endanger the sector's sustainability. Hence, it is important to further draw the attention of researchers towards this emerging pest. The larvae of this lepidopteran burrow within the pod and feed on beans and their pulp, causing important losses. 3. We present a critical synthesis of the knowledge on C. foraseminis (biology, geographic distribution, phylogenetic status, ecology), to identify the cause of its emergence and key points for its control. 4. We also describe similarities to another lepidopteran, the Cocoa Pod Borer (CPB) Conopomorpha cramerella, which is the main pest of cocoa in Asia, especially on the way it is controlled and eventual lessons and recommendations that can be drawn from the situation in Asia to better understand and manage cocoa pod infestation in the Amazon basin. 5. Additionally, we propose further research themes to be explored for Carmenta foraseminis that will help in the development of efficient management practices.

Swollen Shoot is a viral disease affecting cocoa trees, transmitted by several species of mealybugs (Insecta, Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Pseudococcidae). These insects maintain trophobiotic relationships with a complex and species-rich assemblage of ants protecting them and natural enemies controlling their populations. Here, we provide a curated DNA barcode database to characterise this insect community. Systematic observation of 7,500 cocoa trees was conducted, coupled with the collection of mealybug colonies and associated insect communities (parasitoids, predators and ants). Natural enemies were reared from mealybug colonies collected from 1,430 cocoa trees. Specimens were identified morphologically and sequenced for fragments of the standard DNA barcode region of the COI. We recovered 17 species of mealybugs from the family Pseudococcidae. Amongst these species, eight are new to the Ivorian cocoa orchard: Dysmicoccus neobrevipes Beardsley, Ferrisia dasylirii (Cockerell), Maconellicoccus ugandae (Laing), Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, Planococcus minor (Maskell), Pseudococcus concavocerarii James and Pseudococcus occiduus De Lotto. Three of these species were identified for the first time in cocoa orchards in Africa: D. neobrevipes, Fe. dasylirii and Ph. solenopsis. A total of 54 ant species were identified and represented the first record of these species associated with mealybug colonies in cocoa in Côte d’Ivoire. Amongst the species associated with the mealybugs, 22 primary parasitoids, eight hyperparasitoids, 11 ladybirds beetles (Coccinellidae), seven gall midges (Cecidomyidae), one predatory lepidopteran species and four spider species were identified. Nine species of mealybugs parasitoids are newly recorded in the African cocoa orchards: Acerophagus aff. dysmicocci, Aloencyrtus sp., Anagyrus kamali, Anagyrus aff. pseudococci, Aenasius advena, Clausenia aff. corrugata, Gyranusoidea aff. tebygi, Zaplatycerus aff. natalensis (Encyrtidae) and Coccophagus pulvinariae (Aphelinidae) and one hyperparasitoid, Pachyneuron muscarum (Pteromalidae). For Côte d’Ivoire in particular, besides the previously mentioned nine parasitoids and one hyperparasitoid, five additional species are recorded for the first time, including four primary parasitoids, Blepyrus insularis (Encyrtidae), Clausenia corrugata (Encyrtidae), Clausenia sp. (Encyrtidae), and Coccidoctonus pseudococci (Encyrtidae) and one hyperparasitoid, Cheiloneurus cyanonotus (Encyrtidae). These results significantly enhance the knowledge of the diversity of the entomofauna associated with Swollen Shoot disease and pave the way for developing control methods based on the natural regulation of its mealybug (Pseudococcidae) vectors.

Ce document, qui a bénéficié du soutien de l’ENSACF et de l’UMR Ressources, a été réalisé entre mai et juillet 2021. Il vise à nourrir le débat sur l’enseignement à l’heure de la crise écologique entendue comme crise de l’habitation. Il a pour l’instant été diffusé dans le cadre de l’ENSACF mais devrait prochainement être diffusé dans un contexte plus large (Close Up, festival sur la ville et le cinéma). Le film prend l’école comme personnage principal aux prises avec les métamorphoses contemporaines de l’habitation. Il évoque brièvement les grandes métamorphoses qu’a connue cette idée d’habitation au cours du 20e siècle pour aborder, dans une dernière partie celle que nous vivons actuellement, sur fond de crise écologique. A notre époque se dessine l’idée que l’habitation ne concerne plus seulement les humains, mais s’étend au vivant dans son ensemble. L’enjeu ne devient plus tant de construire que de prendre soin des interdépendances qui nous lient aux autres formes de vie. La fin du document s’ouvre sur une série de questionnements qui travaillent l’enseignement de l’architecture dans cette époque paradoxale. Extrait: «La crise multiple que nous vivons peut être envisagée comme l’expression d’une métamorphose plus profonde, ou plutôt d’un ensemble de métamorphoses intriquées, enchevêtrées, imbriquées, impliquées les unes dans les autres. La métamorphose ne désigne pas un changement mineur mais une transformation radicale qui engage les êtres, les structures, les relations. Notre école est prise dans cette métamorphose, au moins à deux titres. D’abord parce que c’est une école d’architecture, et en ce sens notre préoccupation commune, à nous, enseignants, étudiants, est de réfléchir à l’habitation. L’habitation, non pas comme un programme parmi d'autres, un secteur de nos villes, mais l’habitation comme manière d’être, seul ou ensemble, avec d’autres, humains ou non-humains, vivants ou morts. Or c’est bien cette habitation comme manière d’être et condition d’existence qui est en jeu dans la crise écologique, c’est même l’enjeu le plus fondamental, puisque cette crise dit un malaise global dans la façon dont nous autres humains séjournons sur terre. Du premier jour de la première année d'étude au dernier jour de la dernière année, tout ce que nous faisons, disons, enseignons, notons, dessinons, pensons, tourne autour de cette question : comment habiter ici et maintenant ? Il y a des écoles de commerce, des écoles de voile, des écoles d’administration, des écoles du cirque, des écoles de cuisine, des écoles d’aviation, toutes croisent cette question de l’habitation mais seules les écoles d’architecture en font leur obsession. Ce qui se joue dans le monde aujourd’hui, cette difficulté à habiter en bonne intelligence avec le reste de monde, résonne dans les murs de notre école et nous engage à une métamorphose par laquelle nous devons tout à la fois rester nous-mêmes et nous transformer radicalement. Mais n’est-ce pas le propre de toute métamorphose que d’articuler finement conservation et changement... Pensons à la chenille, au papillon, ou au cancrelat de Kafka... Comment comprendre la métamorphose qui touche à l’habitation aujourd’hui ? Je parle moins ici de la pratique de l’habitation que de l’idée que nous nous en faisons, nous autres architectes. Ce qui arrive aujourd’hui à l’idée d’habitation est à replacer dans une série de transformations. Arrêtons-nous sur deux d’entre elles... »

We present the first nuclear genome assembly and a complete mitogenome for Hylesia metabus (Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Saturniidae). The assembled nuclear genome sequence is 1,271 Mb long, which is among the 10 largest lepidopteran genome assemblies published to date. It is scaffolded in 31 pseudo chromosomes, has a BUSCO score of 99.5%, and has a highly conserved synteny compared to phylogenetically close species. Repetitive elements make up 67% of the nuclear genome and are mainly located in intergenic regions, among which LINEs were predominant, with CR1-Zenon being the most abundant. Phylogenetic and comparative analyses of H. metabus assembly and 17 additional Saturniidae and Sphingidae assemblies suggested that an accumulation of repetitive elements likely led to the increased size of H. metabus’ genome. Gene annotation using Helixer identified 26,122 transcripts. The Z scaffold was identified using both a synteny analysis and variations of coverage for two resequenced male and female H. metabus . The H. metabus nuclear genome and mitogenome assemblies can be found and browsed on the BIPAA website and constitute useful resources for future population and comparative genomics studies.

The grip and rolling resistance of car wheel tires on a road surface is strongly influenced by the mechanical properties of the rubber and especially by the deformation of this rubber during indentation by the road asperities. This paper presents the results of a simplified indentation experiment. A cylindrical block of rubber containing microstructural markers is indented by a sphere in situ inside an X-ray Computed Tomograph. The presence of markers intentionally added to the rubber gum allows us, after suitable image processing for contrast improvement, to measure with a very good precision the displacement field inside the rubber during the indentation using Digital Volume Correlation. The measured displacement is compared with the result of an axisymmetric finite element modeling calculation reproducing the experimental configuration. The close correlation between measured displacements and finite element modeling shows that the proposed method is suitable for studying rubber/road contact.

Thaumetopoea is a genus of Lepidoptera referred to as the processionary moths species, that comprises famous defoliators of forest trees. They are also a threat to human and animal health due to the urticating setae carried by their larvae. Their phylogenetic relationships were studied so far using morphological data, mitochondrial DNA and only a few nuclear markers. Results remained controversial so far, notably for the winter Conifer‐feeding species complex encompassing T. pityocampa and T. wilkinsoni. In particular, since the first identification of divergent mitochondrial clades, several new species were described and incongruent phylogenies were proposed in this group. We here explored the potential of nuclear RAD‐seq data to resolve these inconsistencies and compare the resultant phylogeny with the information provided by the mitochondrial COI gene. It allows to propose a robust phylogeny and decipher cases of mitochondrial introgressions and nuclear‐mitochondrial discordance, which raises doubts about the validity of some recently described species. Hence, we recommend caution before describing new taxa in this group from mitochondrial data alone. Species delineation between geographically bounded and genetically differentiated lineages cannot be addressed pertinently without dedicated sampling and associated population genomic and ecological studies.

Background: Emergent stenting in tandem occlusions and mechanical thrombectomy (MT) of acute ischemic stroke related to large vessel occlusion (LVO-AIS) with a large core are tested independently. We aim to assess the impact of reperfusion with MT in patients with LVO-AIS with a large core and a tandem occlusion and to compare the safety of reperfusion between large core with tandem and nontandem occlusions in current practice. Methods: We analyzed data of all consecutive patients included in the prospective Endovascular Treatment in Ischemic Stroke Registry in France between January 2015 and March 2023 who presented with a pretreatment ASPECTS (Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score) of 0–5 and angiographically proven tandem occlusion. The primary end point was a favorable outcome defined by a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0–3 at 90 days. Results: Among 262 included patients with a tandem occlusion and ASPECTS 0–5, 203 patients (77.5%) had a successful reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction grade 2b-3). Reperfused patients had a favorable shift in the overall mRS score distribution (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.57 [1.22–2.03]; P < 0.001), higher rates of mRS score 0–3 (aOR, 7.03 [2.60–19.01]; P < 0.001) and mRS score 0–2 at 90 days (aOR, 3.85 [1.39–10.68]; P = 0.009) compared with nonreperfused. There was a trend between the occurrence of successful reperfusion and a decreased rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (aOR, 0.5 [0.22–1.13]; P = 0.096). Similar safety outcomes were observed after large core reperfusion in tandem and nontandem occlusions. Conclusions: Successful reperfusion was associated with a higher rate of favorable outcome in large core LVO-AIS with a tandem occlusion, with a safety profile similar to nontandem occlusion.

L’activité humaine conduit à la contamination de la quasi-totalité des écosystèmes du globe terrestre avec un mélange complexe de polluants organiques (pesticides, antibiotiques, HAP, PCB…) et minéraux (éléments traces métalliques : Pb, Cu, Cd, Hg…). Les sols et les sédiments sont des matrices environnementales particulièrement exposées à cette contamination alors même qu’elles supportent de nombreuses fonctions écologiques, dont la production primaire. Bien que l’atténuation naturelle des polluants, résultant de la combinaison de processus abiotiques et biotiques, puisse avoir lieu dans ces matrices environnementales, elle est, la plupart du temps, lente et incomplète, ne permettant pas la restauration complète des écosystèmes. Dans ce contexte, les approches de bioremédiation visant reposant sur la stimulation des capacités naturelles de biodégradation des microorganismes (biostimulation) ou l’apport de microorganismes dégradants (bioaugmentation), dans les sols ou les sédiments pollués, apparaissent comme des options intéressantes pour restaurer la qualité de ces matrices environnementales. Dans cet exposé, les capacités d’adaptation des microorganismes à la biodégradation accélérée de polluants ainsi que l’utilisation et le pilotage des communautés microbiennes pour bioremédier des sols et sédiments pollués seront présentées.

In this study, we reassess the phylogenetic relationships of the genus Sesamia Guenée, 1852 and examine in more detail the members of the nonagrioides species group, for which three distinct species complexes are identified. The calamistis subgroup comprises eight species, of which four new species are described: Sesamia kabirara Le Ru sp. nov., Sesamia kalale Le Ru sp. nov., Sesamia mapalense Le Ru sp. nov. and Sesamia teke Le Ru sp. nov. The incerta subgroup consists of 11 species, of which four new species are described: Sesamia kamba Le Ru sp. nov., Sesamia lalaci Le Ru sp. nov., Sesamia lusese Le Ru sp. nov. and Sesamia msowero Le Ru sp. nov. The nonagrioides subgroup comprises ten species of which two new species are described: Sesamia libode Le Ru sp. nov. and Sesamia satauensis Le Ru sp. nov. Phylogenetic and molecular species delimitation analyses of a multi-marker molecular dataset allow us to investigate and clarify the status of Sesamia species and species complexes. Our results yield a well-supported phylogenetic hypothesis for the genus, which supports the monophyletic nature of all but one species subgroup. The results of 16 distinct molecular species delimitation analyses show some levels of incongruence and, overall, a tendency towards over-splitting. We also present an updated list of species for the genus Sesamia and provide morphological keys based on male and female genitalia to determine the species group of any Sesamia species and to identify all species belonging to the nonagrioides species group.