A 6-year-old mixed-breed male Papillon dog, castrated at the age of 7 months, presented for work-up of a difficulty walking associated with constipation and urinary incontinence. Ultrasonography and radiography were consistent with a tumor of the prostate and lymph node metastases. An irregular osteoproliferation of the ventral edges of L5–L6–L7 suggested tumor invasion. Periosteal proliferative lesions of the pelvis, the femur, the humerus, the tibia and the calcaneus were consistent with hypertrophic osteopathy. Necropsy and histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma with lymph node, pulmonary, liver and bone metastases, associated with hypertrophic osteopathy.

<div><p>Pour un enseignement inclusif en mode hybride et à distance -En quoi sa vie était-elle une beauté ? -Il n'a jamais volé vers ces lumières brulantes qui nous fascinent et qui nous tuent […] Il s'est juste efforcé de devenir une lumière. Un être tout de lumière capable de trouver et de vivre l'inconcevable lumière qui constitue la nuit. -C'est incompréhensible. -Exact ! Mais c'est le tout premier signe de la beauté. Patrick Chamoiseau, Le papillon et la lumière « Obest plerumque iis qui discere volunt auctoritas eorum qui docent. » 1 Michel de Montaigne à propos des instituteurs (1580)</p><p>1 « Obest plerumque iis qui discere volunt auctoritas eorum qui docent : L'autorité de ceux qui enseignent nuit la plupart du temps à ceux qui veulent apprendre » (Cicéron, De natura deorum). Michel de Montaigne, Essais, Livre 1 « De l'institution des enfans », 26, Paris, Garnier-Flammarion, 1969, p.198 ; 2 Musique et théâtre antique. Chant alternatif. (Chant), dans lequel deux choeurs, deux chanteurs, deux instruments chantent ou jouent alternativement, en se répondant. (Rougnon 1935) : « Tantôt [dans Pindare] le choeur arrêté, puis les demi-choeurs alternatifs, développent en crescendo les sonorités magnifiques de l'ode roulante et triomphante... H. Taine, Philosophie de l'art, t. 2, 1865., https://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/alternatif ; 3 « L'Italie est un pays pionnier en matière d'accueil et de scolarisation des élèves en situation de handicap. Depuis 1971, la loi italienne prévoit que « l'instruction obligatoire se déroule [pour tous les enfants et les adolescents, sans distinction] dans les classes normales de l'école publique ». CARAGLIO, Martine, GAVINI, Christine, L'inclusion des élèves en situation de handicap en Italie, IGAENR :</p></div>

1. This review provides a synthesis of the available knowledge on Carmenta foraseminis, an emerging cocoa pest in northern South America. 2. This moth was first described in 1995 in Panama, and its proliferation across the Amazon basin is currently threatening the production of cocoa in the region and may endanger the sector's sustainability. Hence, it is important to further draw the attention of researchers towards this emerging pest. The larvae of this lepidopteran burrow within the pod and feed on beans and their pulp, causing important losses. 3. We present a critical synthesis of the knowledge on C. foraseminis (biology, geographic distribution, phylogenetic status, ecology), to identify the cause of its emergence and key points for its control. 4. We also describe similarities to another lepidopteran, the Cocoa Pod Borer (CPB) Conopomorpha cramerella, which is the main pest of cocoa in Asia, especially on the way it is controlled and eventual lessons and recommendations that can be drawn from the situation in Asia to better understand and manage cocoa pod infestation in the Amazon basin. 5. Additionally, we propose further research themes to be explored for Carmenta foraseminis that will help in the development of efficient management practices.

Swollen Shoot is a viral disease affecting cocoa trees, transmitted by several species of mealybugs (Insecta, Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Pseudococcidae). These insects maintain trophobiotic relationships with a complex and species-rich assemblage of ants protecting them and natural enemies controlling their populations. Here, we provide a curated DNA barcode database to characterise this insect community. Systematic observation of 7,500 cocoa trees was conducted, coupled with the collection of mealybug colonies and associated insect communities (parasitoids, predators and ants). Natural enemies were reared from mealybug colonies collected from 1,430 cocoa trees. Specimens were identified morphologically and sequenced for fragments of the standard DNA barcode region of the COI. We recovered 17 species of mealybugs from the family Pseudococcidae. Amongst these species, eight are new to the Ivorian cocoa orchard: Dysmicoccus neobrevipes Beardsley, Ferrisia dasylirii (Cockerell), Maconellicoccus ugandae (Laing), Paracoccus marginatus Williams &amp; Granara de Willink, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, Planococcus minor (Maskell), Pseudococcus concavocerarii James and Pseudococcus occiduus De Lotto. Three of these species were identified for the first time in cocoa orchards in Africa: D. neobrevipes, Fe. dasylirii and Ph. solenopsis. A total of 54 ant species were identified and represented the first record of these species associated with mealybug colonies in cocoa in Côte d’Ivoire. Amongst the species associated with the mealybugs, 22 primary parasitoids, eight hyperparasitoids, 11 ladybirds beetles (Coccinellidae), seven gall midges (Cecidomyidae), one predatory lepidopteran species and four spider species were identified. Nine species of mealybugs parasitoids are newly recorded in the African cocoa orchards: Acerophagus aff. dysmicocci, Aloencyrtus sp., Anagyrus kamali, Anagyrus aff. pseudococci, Aenasius advena, Clausenia aff. corrugata, Gyranusoidea aff. tebygi, Zaplatycerus aff. natalensis (Encyrtidae) and Coccophagus pulvinariae (Aphelinidae) and one hyperparasitoid, Pachyneuron muscarum (Pteromalidae). For Côte d’Ivoire in particular, besides the previously mentioned nine parasitoids and one hyperparasitoid, five additional species are recorded for the first time, including four primary parasitoids, Blepyrus insularis (Encyrtidae), Clausenia corrugata (Encyrtidae), Clausenia sp. (Encyrtidae), and Coccidoctonus pseudococci (Encyrtidae) and one hyperparasitoid, Cheiloneurus cyanonotus (Encyrtidae). These results significantly enhance the knowledge of the diversity of the entomofauna associated with Swollen Shoot disease and pave the way for developing control methods based on the natural regulation of its mealybug (Pseudococcidae) vectors.

Ce document, qui a bénéficié du soutien de l’ENSACF et de l’UMR Ressources, a été réalisé entre mai et juillet 2021. Il vise à nourrir le débat sur l’enseignement à l’heure de la crise écologique entendue comme crise de l’habitation. Il a pour l’instant été diffusé dans le cadre de l’ENSACF mais devrait prochainement être diffusé dans un contexte plus large (Close Up, festival sur la ville et le cinéma). Le film prend l’école comme personnage principal aux prises avec les métamorphoses contemporaines de l’habitation. Il évoque brièvement les grandes métamorphoses qu’a connue cette idée d’habitation au cours du 20e siècle pour aborder, dans une dernière partie celle que nous vivons actuellement, sur fond de crise écologique. A notre époque se dessine l’idée que l’habitation ne concerne plus seulement les humains, mais s’étend au vivant dans son ensemble. L’enjeu ne devient plus tant de construire que de prendre soin des interdépendances qui nous lient aux autres formes de vie. La fin du document s’ouvre sur une série de questionnements qui travaillent l’enseignement de l’architecture dans cette époque paradoxale. Extrait: «La crise multiple que nous vivons peut être envisagée comme l’expression d’une métamorphose plus profonde, ou plutôt d’un ensemble de métamorphoses intriquées, enchevêtrées, imbriquées, impliquées les unes dans les autres. La métamorphose ne désigne pas un changement mineur mais une transformation radicale qui engage les êtres, les structures, les relations. Notre école est prise dans cette métamorphose, au moins à deux titres. D’abord parce que c’est une école d’architecture, et en ce sens notre préoccupation commune, à nous, enseignants, étudiants, est de réfléchir à l’habitation. L’habitation, non pas comme un programme parmi d'autres, un secteur de nos villes, mais l’habitation comme manière d’être, seul ou ensemble, avec d’autres, humains ou non-humains, vivants ou morts. Or c’est bien cette habitation comme manière d’être et condition d’existence qui est en jeu dans la crise écologique, c’est même l’enjeu le plus fondamental, puisque cette crise dit un malaise global dans la façon dont nous autres humains séjournons sur terre. Du premier jour de la première année d'étude au dernier jour de la dernière année, tout ce que nous faisons, disons, enseignons, notons, dessinons, pensons, tourne autour de cette question : comment habiter ici et maintenant ? Il y a des écoles de commerce, des écoles de voile, des écoles d’administration, des écoles du cirque, des écoles de cuisine, des écoles d’aviation, toutes croisent cette question de l’habitation mais seules les écoles d’architecture en font leur obsession. Ce qui se joue dans le monde aujourd’hui, cette difficulté à habiter en bonne intelligence avec le reste de monde, résonne dans les murs de notre école et nous engage à une métamorphose par laquelle nous devons tout à la fois rester nous-mêmes et nous transformer radicalement. Mais n’est-ce pas le propre de toute métamorphose que d’articuler finement conservation et changement... Pensons à la chenille, au papillon, ou au cancrelat de Kafka... Comment comprendre la métamorphose qui touche à l’habitation aujourd’hui ? Je parle moins ici de la pratique de l’habitation que de l’idée que nous nous en faisons, nous autres architectes. Ce qui arrive aujourd’hui à l’idée d’habitation est à replacer dans une série de transformations. Arrêtons-nous sur deux d’entre elles... »

We present the first nuclear genome assembly and a complete mitogenome for Hylesia metabus (Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Saturniidae). The assembled nuclear genome sequence is 1,271 Mb long, which is among the 10 largest lepidopteran genome assemblies published to date. It is scaffolded in 31 pseudo chromosomes, has a BUSCO score of 99.5%, and has a highly conserved synteny compared to phylogenetically close species. Repetitive elements make up 67% of the nuclear genome and are mainly located in intergenic regions, among which LINEs were predominant, with CR1-Zenon being the most abundant. Phylogenetic and comparative analyses of H. metabus assembly and 17 additional Saturniidae and Sphingidae assemblies suggested that an accumulation of repetitive elements likely led to the increased size of H. metabus’ genome. Gene annotation using Helixer identified 26,122 transcripts. The Z scaffold was identified using both a synteny analysis and variations of coverage for two resequenced male and female H. metabus . The H. metabus nuclear genome and mitogenome assemblies can be found and browsed on the BIPAA website and constitute useful resources for future population and comparative genomics studies.

Thaumetopoea is a genus of Lepidoptera referred to as the processionary moths species, that comprises famous defoliators of forest trees. They are also a threat to human and animal health due to the urticating setae carried by their larvae. Their phylogenetic relationships were studied so far using morphological data, mitochondrial DNA and only a few nuclear markers. Results remained controversial so far, notably for the winter Conifer‐feeding species complex encompassing T. pityocampa and T. wilkinsoni. In particular, since the first identification of divergent mitochondrial clades, several new species were described and incongruent phylogenies were proposed in this group. We here explored the potential of nuclear RAD‐seq data to resolve these inconsistencies and compare the resultant phylogeny with the information provided by the mitochondrial COI gene. It allows to propose a robust phylogeny and decipher cases of mitochondrial introgressions and nuclear‐mitochondrial discordance, which raises doubts about the validity of some recently described species. Hence, we recommend caution before describing new taxa in this group from mitochondrial data alone. Species delineation between geographically bounded and genetically differentiated lineages cannot be addressed pertinently without dedicated sampling and associated population genomic and ecological studies.

1. Describing the genetic structure and diversity of invasive insect pest populations is essential to better understand a species' invasion history and success throughout its distribution range. Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) is a destructive pest of tomato and many other solanaceous crops, with very high economic impacts. Its invasion threatens food security in a large part of the globe, in areas such as sub-Saharan Africa where the agricultural resilience has already been weakened by rapid human-induced changes due in particular to population growth, increased trade and global change. 2. This work aimed to investigate the diversity and genetic structure of 60 populations of T. absoluta using microsatellite markers, with a particular focus on sub-Saharan Africa. 3. Our results revealed distinct differentiation and diversity patterns between T. absoluta native versus invaded areas, and high genetic homogeneity among the African populations sampled. However, for the first time, two weakly differentiated but distinct genetic clusters in Africa were identified. 4. The results suggest few introduction events of the species in Africa or multiple introductions from genetically close areas, significant gene flow between outbreaks and seem to indicate the existence of two distinct clusters in Africa. This new data enable us to formulate hypotheses on the species' invasion patterns and the dynamics of its invasive populations. 5. These hypotheses must be verified with more extensive sampling over the whole range of T. absoluta, especially in its presumed native area.